Tag: Application

Most cited article: Electrospun Chitosan Nanofibres and its Application

Author(s):Pradnya Palekar-Shanbhag*, Amruta Dalal, Tejaswini Navale and Ujala Mishra

Abstract:

Chitosan is a biopolymer that has been widely used in medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetics, food as well as textile, and paper industries due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxic, and less allergenic nature. In recent times, chitosan has gained much attention for its application in the form of nanofibres. Nanofibres have diameters in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. Various processing techniques like drawing, template synthesis, phase separation, melt-blown technology, bicomponent extrusion, self-assembly and electro-spinning are involved in the fabrication of nanofibres. Among these techniques, electro-spinning is the most widely and commonly used technique as it generates ultra-thin nanofibres and has the capacity for mass production. This article reviews the process of electro-spinning and applications of the nanofibres containing chitosan in the areas of enzyme immobilization, filtration, wound dressing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, catalysis, and as an analytical system, biosensor, and diagnostic aid in detail.

Know more: https://bit.ly/40JoqBg

Podcast: Basic Guidelines for Bacteriophage Isolation and Characterization

Author(s): Safia Samir*

Abstract:

The world is on the cusp of a post-antibiotic period. A century ago, before the advent of antibiotics, bacteriophage therapy was the treatment of choice for bacterial infections. Although bacteriophages have yet to be approved as a treatment in Western medicine, researchers and clinicians have begun to anticipate phage therapy. Bacteriophages are viruses that depend on bacterial cell metabolism to multiply. They offer a promising alternative to the use of antibiotics and an excellent antibacterial option for combating multidrug resistance in bacteria. However, not every phage is suitable for phage therapy. In particular, prophages should not be used because they can lysogenize host cells instead of lysing them. To offer adequate therapeutic options for patients suffering from various infectious diseases, a wide selection of different phages is needed. While there is no evidence of direct toxicity induced by phage particles, it is crucial to study mammalian cell–phage interactions. This requires phage preparations to be free of bacterial cells, toxins and other compounds to avoid skewing host responses. Negative staining of purified viruses and electron microscopy remain the gold standard in the identification of bacteriophages. Interestingly, genomics has greatly changed our understanding of phage biology. Bacteriophage genome sequencing is essential to obtain a complete understanding of the bacteriophages’ biology and to obtain confirmation of their lifestyle. Full genetic sequencing of bacteriophage will enable a better understanding of the phage-encoded proteins and biomolecules (especially phage lytic enzymes) involved in the process of bacterial cell lysis and death. Mass spectrometry can be used for the identification of phage structural proteins. The use of lytic phages as biocontrol agents requires the most appropriate and standard methods to ensure application safety. This review pursues recent research and methods in molecular biology for the isolation and characterization of phages to facilitate follow-up and implementation of work for other researchers. Patents related to this topic have been mentioned in the text.

Journal link: http://bit.ly/3GraUct

Podcast: http://bit.ly/3k2E0qY

Contributions by Japanese Authors in Bentham Science Journal ‘Current Gene Therapy’

‘Prevalence of Neutralizing Factors Against Adeno-Associated Virus Types 2 in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy’

Author(s): Yong Cheng, Lvzhen Huang, Xiaoxin Li, Huijun Qi, Peng Zhou, Wenzhen Yu, Yide A. Jiang, Samuel Wadsworth and Abraham Scaria

Affiliation: Ophthalmology Department of Peking University People’s Hospital,1 No.11 of XiZhiMen South Avenue, XiCheng District, Beijing, P.R.China.

Abstract:  Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) mediated gene therapy providing a potential treatment in the eye. However, immune responses can limit virally mediated gene transfer and therapy. To assess preexisting AAV2 neutralizing factors (NF) titers in peripheral blood and the vitreous in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). 130 subjects were enrolled: 50 with neovascular AMD, 30 with PCV, and 50 controls. The serum and the vitreous were obtained for .. read more here 

‘Antibody-directed Double Suicide Gene Therapy Targeting of MUC1- Positive Leukemia Cells In Vitro and In Vivo‘

Author(s): Xiao-Ya Dong, Wen-Qian Wang, Yu Zhao, Xu-Dong Li, Zhi-Gang Fang, Dong-Jun Lin, Ruo-Zhi Xiao, Ren-Wei Huang, Guang-Jin Pan and Jia-Jun Liu

Affiliation: Hematological Department & Research Institute, Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Tian-He Road 600, China 510630.


Abstract: Our aim was to specifically transfer the cytosine deaminase (CD) and thymidine kinase (TK) genes into mucin 1 (MUC1)-positive leukemia cells by anti-MUC1 antibody directed infection of replication-defective lentivirus and to evaluate the targeted cytotoxicity of double suicide genes to leukemia. The target gene vector (containing CD and TK) and envelope (containing GFP and anti-MUC1) and packaging plasmids were cotransfected into 293T cells to produce the recombinant lentivirus. Suicide genes in virus-infected leukemia cells … read more here.

New Development and Application of Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Destruction in Gene Therapy and Drug Delivery

Author(s): Zhi-Yi Chen, Feng Yang, Yan Lin, Jin-Shan Zhang, Ri-Xiang Qiu, Lan Jiang, Xing-Xing Zhou and Jiang-Xiu Yu

Affiliation: Duo Bao Road 63, Guangzhou 510150, P.R. China.

Abstract:Ultrasound is a common used technique for clinical imaging. In recent years, with the advances in preparation technology of microbubbles and the innovations in ultrasound imaging, ultrasound is no longer confined to detection of tissue perfusion, but extends to specific ultrasound molecular imaging and target therapy gradually. With the development of research, ultrasound molecular imaging and target therapy have made great progresses. Read more here..

New Issue Announced of BSP Journal: Current Organic Synthesis

The contribution in the journal of Current Organic Synthesis by various authors is as below:

Synthesis and Transformation of Halochromones

Author(s): Sara M. Tome, Artur M.S. Silva and Clementina M.M. Santos

Affiliation: Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

Abstract

Herein, an overview of the most important developments on the synthesis and reactivity of halogen-containing chromones, namely simple chromones, flavones, styrylchromones, thiochromones and furochromones are reviewed (since 2003).

 
 

Sugar Furanoses as Useful Handles for Molecular Diversity

Author(s): Ana M. Gomez, Clara Uriel, Fernando Lobo and Jose Cristobal Lopez

Affiliation: Instituto de Quimica Organica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

Abstract

Carbohydrates have been recognized as privileged structures for the regio- and stereo-controlled appendage of pharmacophores to generate new derivatives with potential application in drug discovery processes. Even though most of the carbohydrate templates have been generated from pyranoses, other sugar derivatives have also been employed in the assembly of such structures. In this review, attention has been directed to the use of sugar-furanose platforms, and an account of the recent developments in the generation of furanose-based templates aiming at the generation of molecular diversity, including those from our research group, is presented.

 
 

Catalytic Asymmetric Darzens Reactions

Author(s): Peter Bako, Zsolt Rapi and Gyorgy Keglevich

Affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, PO Box 91, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.

Abstract

Optically active α,β-epoxy derivatives can be converted into many types of useful chiral compounds, such as chiral building blocks and synthetic intermediates for biologically active compounds. The most up-to-date and most economical method for the preparation of enantiomeric pure epoxides is the catalytic asymmetric Darzens condensation. The homogeneous phase and heterogeneus phase (phase-transfer [PT]) catalytic methods for the synthesis of chiral α,β-epoxycarbonyl, epoxysulfonyl and epoxy-amide compounds are reviewed. The effect of chiral catalysts on the yields and enantioselectivities of the epoxides was studied in homogeneous phase and under PT conditions. The use of the most important chiral PT catalysts (ephedrinium salts, cinchona-derived salts and chiral crown ethers) in Darzens condensation is also summarized. In some cases, the relationship between the structure of catalyst and its activity is also studied.

 
 

Fluorescent Probes for Selective Probing Thiol-containing Amino Acids

Author(s): Jin-Gang Yu, Xiu-Hui Zhao, Lin-Yan Yu, Hua Yang, Xiao-Qing Chen and Jian-Hui Jiang

Affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China and Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Nonferrous Metals, Ministry of Education (Central South University), Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.

Abstract

Thiol-containing biomolecules, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), glutathione (GSH), play crucial roles in maintaining biological systems. For example, elevated levels of Hcy have been implicated as an independent risk factor for tumor invasion and metastasis. Being associated with a wide variety of cancer progressions, there is a significant interest in looking for the fluorescent detection of such thiol species (Cys, Hcy, and GSH) in cancer cells. Various thiol-specific probes have been developed on the basis of different strategies. This review focuses on recent contributions for the fluorescent or colorimetric sensors for thiol-containing amino acids, with special emphasis on the design and application of novel fluorophores for detecting thiol-containing amino acids with higher sensitivity.

 
 

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Heterocycles from Oximes

Author(s): Edgars Abele and Ramona Abele

Affiliation: Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, LV1006, Latvia.

Abstract

This review demonstrates that oximes and their derivatives are valuable starting materials for the preparation of many classes of heterocyclic compounds. The main group of reactions includes the cyclization of unsaturated oxime derivatives. Using these starting materials pyrroles, isoxazoles, pyridines and isoquinolines were prepared. Some heterocyclic systems (for example, seven-membered rings) were obtained using the classical Beckmann rearrangement and novel reagents and conditions.

 
 

P-C Bond Formation by Coupling Reactions Utilizing >P(O)H Species as the Reagents

Author(s): Erzsebet Jablonkai and Gyorgy Keglevich

Affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.

Abstract

In this review, the methods forming P-C bonds by coupling reactions, utilizing different >P(O)H species, are surveyed systematically. The components of the reactions are organic halides, >P(O)H species comprising dialkyl phosphites, H-phosphinates or secondary phosphine oxides and the catalyst, that is in most cases the complex of palladium or its salts. The Hirao reaction discovered in 1980 is in the focus that is the coupling of aryl halides or other aryl derivatives with mainly dialkyl phosphites in the presence of a variety of catalyst complexes. Beside P-C= and P-C bonds, P-CΞ bonds can also be established. The topic has also green chemical aspect, as it is a serious challenge for organic chemists to elaborate simple and cheap catalyst systems.

 
 

Electrogenerated Base Induced Dehydrodimerization and Dehydrotrimerization of Pyrazolones

Author(s): Wei-Cui Li, Zheng-Zheng Zhang, Cheng-Chu Zeng, Li-Ming Hu and Hong-Yu Tian

Affiliation: College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

Abstract

Electrogenerated base induced dehydrocoupling of pyrazol-5-ones was investigated. The results showed that dehydrodimers and dehydrotrimers were generated simultaneously under electrolytic conditions, and their ratio was mainly dependent on the reaction temperature and the nature of the supporting electrolyte. It was observed that the formation of dimer 2 is preferred at lower temperatures and that trimer 3 is preferentially formed at higher temperatures. In addition, higher yields of 3 could be obtained when NaI was used as the supporting electrolyte. The dehydrocoupling reaction of pyrazol-5-ones to form dimer 2 and trimers 3 and 4 was proposed to be through an EGB-induced cascade mechanism.

 
 

Synthesis of a Novel Class of gem-Phosphonate-Phosphates by Reductive Cleavage of the Isoxazolidine Ring

Author(s): Olga Bortolini, Iqbal Mulani, Antonio De Nino, Loredana Maiuolo, Alessandro Melicchio, Beatrice Russo and Donatella Granchi

Affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Via P. Bucci, cubo 12C, Universita della Calabria, Rende (Italy).

Abstract

A new series of gem-phosphonate-phosphates bearing N-alkyl groups and aromatic substituents has been prepared by reductive cleavage of the isoxazolidine ring with metal carbonyls, using the gem-phosphonate-phosphate rearrangement.

 
 

Hydration of 5-Oxo-1-Alkynes by a One-Pot Oxy-Iodination/Reduction Sequence: Synthesis of Methyl Ketones with Anchimeric Assistance

Author(s): Julia Trossarello, Adegboyega Egunjobi, Whitney J. Morgan, Rayaj Ahamed and Karelle S. Aiken

Affiliation: Chemistry Department, PO Box 8064, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.

Abstract

Methyl ketone derivatives can be accessed from 5-oxo-1-alkynes in an iodine-initiated hydration of the terminal alkynes. Use of molecular iodine in this manner is novel, inexpensive and a greener alternative to the traditional use of transition metal catalysts. Herein, we report the results of a methodology study which sheds light on the underlying mechanism of this new, metal-free reaction. Our findings indicate that the hydration of the alkyne proceeds via an important anchimeric assistance in which the neighboring keto group participates with a 5-exo-dig cyclization.

 
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