Animated abstract: The Pathogenic Subpopulation of Th17 Cells in Obesity

Author(s):Natalia Todosenko, Maria Vulf*, Kristina Yurova, Daria Skuratovskaia, Olga Khaziakhmatova, Natalia Gazatova, Olga Melashchenko, Olga Urazova and Larisa Litvinova

Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by a chronic subclinical inflammatory response associated with an imbalance/dysregulation of cellular homeostasis in response to excessive nutrient intake and accumulation. CD4+ T-lymphocytes form different populations, Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and Treg cells, which have phenotypic and functional differences. Despite the active study of Th17 cells in severe disorders, their role in metabolic disorders, particularly in obesity, is not well understood. Th17 lymphocytes, depending on the microenvironment, can form pathogenic and nonpathogenic subpopulations. Systemic inflammation induces the reprogramming of the transcriptome of normal Th17 cells formed in epithelial tissues, which acquire new properties. A zone of overlapping states exists between IL-17A-producing cells, which does not allow a clear boundary between non-pathogenic Th17 and pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes. We assume that in obesity, the pool of inflammatory pathogenic Th17 cells with cytotoxic potential is a fraction of terminally differentiated memory lymphocytes which is responsible for developing autoimmune reactions.

Read the article: http://bit.ly/3iTEMWX

Press Release | Novel Strategies and Approaches in Hypertension Therapy

The first volume of a new book series on hypertension therapy highlights new avenues for treatment.

While studies of hypertension have been performed worldwide in a variety of epidemiological settings such as diabetes, renal function, obesity and thyroid disorders, there is a need to identify appropriate treatment strategies.

Novel Strategies and Approaches in Hypertension Therapy is the first of volume of the book series Current and Future Developments in Hypertension. The volume introduces the reader to different aspects of hypertension treatment (environmental and occupational factors and different clinical settings that can trigger the disease). The book subsequently delves into special topics related to the use of new diagnostic bio-markers for hypertension patients, treatment of hypertension in endocrine disorders (thyroid disorders and diabetes), nutrition focused approaches to treat the condition, and the use of calcium channel blockers.

This reference book is essential reading for medical professionals involved in the management and care of patients affected with hypertension. Find out more about the book here: https://benthambooks.com/book/9789811422720/

 

 

 

Read full press release to find out more at: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-10/bsp-nsa103019.php

Call for Papers | Current Pharmaceutical Design

Special Thematic Issues | Forthcoming Issues

Journal: Current Pharmaceutical Design

 

Guest Editor(s): Antoni Camins Espuny, Carlos Beas-zarate
Tentative Publication Date: November, 2019

“New Targets and strategies of Medical Treatments in neurological and neurodegenerative
disorders”

 

 

The objective of this special issue is to give a vision of different pharmacological and nutritional strategies to develop new treatments for the prevention and cure of diseases that affect the central nervous system. Refractory epilepsy affects 20-30% of patients and constitutes a serious problem should be solved in the future knowing the cause of the loss of effectiveness of drugs. With reference to the other neurodegenerative diseases, it is evident that it is necessary to propose new strategies to solve the problem of cognitive loss in AD, for example, by stimulating the hippocampal insulin receptor, by inhibiting glial activity, or, by the development of new drug strategies through nanoparticles.

This thematic issue will gather information with and emphasis in new targets and strategies the potential therapeutic uses. Moreover, it will generate a forum for discussion of development of new pharmaceutical strategies (nanoparticles, etc) and effects, including the effect in different biological systems. For more details please visit: https://benthamscience.com/journal-files/special-issue-details/CPD-SII20190531-01.pdf

 

To submit your paper, email at: hermain@benthamscience.net and CC: faizan@benthamscience.net

 

Press Release | Endothelial regenerative capacity and aging: Influence of diet, exercise and obesity

The endothelium plays an important role in cardiovascular regulation, from blood flow to platelet aggregation, immune cell infiltration and demargination. Endothelium dysfunction inevitably leads to the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aging endothelium displays significant changes in function, such as reduced vasomotor functions and reduced angiogenic capabilities. This may be partially due to increased levels of oxidative stress and reduced endothelial cell turnover.

Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) are circulating angiogenic cells which play an important role in maintaining endothelial health and function. EPCs maintain endothelial health and function by supporting cell proliferation or by incorporation into vasculature and differentiation into mature endothelial cells. However, EPCs are reduced in number with age, and this reduction may also contribute to elevated CVD risk in aging populations. Lifestyle factors such as exercise, physical activity obesity, and dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, nitrates, and antioxidants, greatly influences the number and function of these circulating angiogenic cells. Read full press release to find out more at: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-12/bsp-erc122718.php

 

This review will discuss the effects of advancing age on endothelial health and vascular regenerative capacity, as well as the influence of diet, exercise, and obesity on these cells, the mechanistic links and the subsequent impact on cardiovascular health.

 

This article by Dr. Mark D. Ross is published in Current Cardiology Reviews, Volume 14, Issue 4, 2018. To obtain the article, please visit: http://www.eurekaselect.com/164045

Press Release | Vitamin D intake and obesity in occupational asthma patients and need for supplementation

Occupational asthma is common occurrence in a significant number of adults suffering from the disease. Even after the cessation of exposure, the asthma remains dominant. Previously, Vitamin D intake was rarely evaluated in cases of occupational asthma regardless of it being an important part of nutrition. The main objective of this study is to assess the Vitamin D intake in occupational asthma patients and its relation with body mass index, co-morbidities related to Vitamin D deficit, lung function and quality of life.

The researchers found a reduced Vitamin D intake in both irritant and allergic asthma both in obese and non-obese patients. Even though the average intake levels were comparably higher in non-obese patients than obese patients, it did not reach to a significant level. Lower intake was also found in mild asthma group compared to severe asthma group, marginally reaching significance level at the median test. Regression analysis revealed a different pattern in the asthma groups. The Impact score in irritant asthma indicated a stronger relationship with BMI while the symptom score in allergic asthma group was closely associated with the Vitamin D intake. Read full press release to find out more at: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-12/bsp-vdi122718.php

 

CREDIT: DR. MARINA RUXANDRA OTELEA, DR. AGRIPINA RASCU, BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS

 

The article by Dr. Marina Ruxandra Otelea and Dr. Agripina Rascu is published in Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders – Drug Targets, Volume 18, Issue 6, 2018. To obtain the article, please visit: http://www.eurekaselect.com/163292

Press Release | Systematic review of food addiction as measured with the Yale Food Addiction Scale

 

This article by Dr. Louise Penzenstadler et al. is published in Current Neuropharmacology, 2018

 

 

Clinical food addiction diagnoses are nowadays measure by a tool called Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) which was initially developed on the basis of criteria for identifying substance addictions. Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is used in different populations particularly, in obese patients who are planning for bariatric surgery. This systematic review covers literature published on food addiction diagnosis using PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and PsycARTICLES.databases from January 2014 and July 2017 (60 publications in total). Recent studies have been reviewed due to the introduction of YFAS 2.0, mYFAS in light of the debate on behavioral addictions.

The results of clinical and non-clinical samples with a higher body mass and incidence of eating disorders (EDs), shows higher scores of YFAS in binge eating disorder (BED).

The studies revealed that incidence of food addictions differs according to the population studied and this is dependent on sample selection methods. The criteria for differentiation of food addictions and other eating and addictive disorders can be made from the analysis of behavioral addictions. However, the authors of this review recommend that study groups should conduct further research in this field considering the psychological processes of obsessive eating in view of behavioral addictions. There are some limitations associated with YFAS item formulation and some items necessities to be examined in a different way in future studies. The studies must determine individual items of the scale to evaluate mechanisms from clinical perspective.

 

 

The article is Open Access till 31st January, 2019. Browse the article details at: http://www.eurekaselect.com/167164

Article by Disease |Study about How A Sample of Portuguese People Perceive the Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre

Bentham Oncology Collection | Oncology | Bowel Cancer

 

Graphical Abstract:

 

Abstract:

Background: Dietary Fibre (DF) has been part of human diet since ever, and its benefits for the human health have been well established and scientifically confirmed. However, it is important to study to what extent people are aware of those benefits.

Objective: Having in mind the importance of DF the present work was undertaken to study the level of knowledge of people residing in Portugal about the health effects related to DF.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken on a non-probabilistic sample of 382 adult participants. Descriptive statistics were used together with some inferential tests, all using the software SPSS and considering a level of significance of 5%.

Results: The results allowed concluding that people were differently informed about the effects of DF in preventing and/or treating various diseases, being constipation the most recognized, followed in decreasing order by obesity, bowel cancer, cholesterol, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and breast cancer. The results also showed that significant differences were encountered between age groups for most of the diseases evaluated, but not between genders, levels of education or living environments.

Conclusion: Generally, it was concluded that the participants in this study were relatively well informed about the roles of DF in preventing and/or treating several diseases.

Read out more at: http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/149164/article

EDITOR’S CHOICE – Relationship between Proinflammatory Cytokines/Chemokines and Adipokines in Serum of Young Adults with Obesity – Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders – Drug Targets

Journal: Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders – Drug Targets

Author(s): Maraisa D. Borges, Eduardo L. Franca, Mahmi Fujimori, Silvia M.C. Silva, Patricia G.F. de Marchi,Alessandra L. Deluque, Adenilda C. Honorio-Franca*, Luiz C. de Abreu

Abstract:

Background and Objective: The adipose tissue has been recognized as an important endocrine organ, which is metabolically active and expresses and secretes various inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation is involved in obesity-related complications. As such, the present study investigated the correlation between biochemical parameters, serum proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines in individuals with obesity.

Methods: Based on the body mass index (BMI), 30 subjects were divided into 3 groups: eutrophic (GC, n = 10), overweight (GOW, n = 10) and obese (GOB, n = 10). Serum glucose, cholesterol (total-C, HDLC and LDL-C), triglycerides, total proteins, uric acid and insulin were determined, as well as cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, leptin and adiponectin.

Results: GOB showed the highest glucose, total and LDL-C, triglycerides, uric acid, insulin, leptin, IL- 8, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and lowest adiponectin levels. In general, adiponectin exhibited an inverse correlation with BMI, abdominal circumference, LDL-C, IL-6, TNF-α, leptin and leptin-adiponectin ratio (LAR) and a positive correlation with HDL-C. Leptin was positively correlated with BMI, abdominal circumference, insulin, IL-6, TNF-α and LAR and negatively correlated with HDL-C and adiponectin. The LAR was positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, insulin, TNF-α and negatively associated with HDL-C.

Conclusion: The results confirm that obesity changes the lipid and glycemic profiles of individuals, increases the proinflammatory adipokine levels and reduces those of anti-inflammatory adipokines, promoting a state of chronic inflammation.

Read more here: http://www.eurekaselect.com/159512/article

 

TESTIMONIAL BY VALERIA SORRENTI!

Contributed Article: “Dietary Compounds, Epigenetic Modifications and Metabolic Diseases“

Highlighted Article – The Role of Diet in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome – Current Medicinal Chemistry

To access this article, please visit: http://www.eurekaselect.com/152533